This occurs because the virtual machine is capable of detecting that the host is running on battery power, and therefore activates more aggressive power saving settings.
To avoid this, perform one of the following:
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Disable power management and screen savers in the guest operating system
Note: This is a best practise.
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For Workstation, deselect the Report battery information to guest setting in the Options tab in the virtual machine settings.
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For Fusion, deselect the Pass power status to VM setting in the Advanced pane in the virtual machine settings.
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Adjust the power management settings in the guest operating system to be less aggressive when the computer is running on battery power.